Nobody can tell exactly why people first began to use salt, 11.
but it is wellknown that salt has used in many different ways 12.
throughout history. People who lived over 3000 years ago ate salted13.
fish. In ancient
Stealing salt were regarded as a serious crime in different 15.
times. In the 18th century, for example, a person was 16.
caught stealing salt, he was put into the prison. In the 17.
specially for salt to be carried from the mines to
Guards were sent to protect the salt from stolen.19.
The guards got their pay in salt,from which the
English word “salary” originated.Any guard fell asleep 20.
while on duty was said to be “not worth his salt”.This
is still used today in English.
Ⅳ.Translation 30%
Directions:Translate the following passage into Chinese.
Throughout history,great thinkers have used their creativity and imagination to change the world,How do they come up with ideas for new inventions?Thinkers who have changed the world,do not seem to have much in common.They come from different cultures and have different backgrounds ,and only some of them did well at school.creativity is not about getting high test scores,having a high IQ or being smart.Instead,it seems that Creative thinking,which is one of the most highly valued skills in society,is a matter of habits.By thinking about the way we think and practising good thinking strategies,we can become more creative.
Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful，but we must also realise that what we have learnt may also limit our thinking. To “think outside the box” is to try new ways to solve a problem. Inventors often rephrase a problem to allow for creative solutions and also try “impossible” or “crazy” solutions. If we looks only for the correct answer and reject ideas that do not provide a complete answer, we may get stuck. Partial solutions,and even failures,give us more information and clues that help us move towards a better solution. Creative thinking is a conscious effort to break away from old thought patterns in order to explore new possibilities.
Good solutions and new ideas are often the result of a change in perception. By looking at a problem in as many ways as possible, creative thinkers can find solutions that would otherwise remain invisible. As with thinking outside the box, the process includes a series of different attempts and several false starts. Each new way of looking at a situation improves our understanding and makes it easier to discover new possibilities. Great thinkers also like to make their ideas visible. A drawing or a model will help you see things that may otherwise remain hidden.
Every new thought or idea has to be connected to what we already know. Unfortunately, it is easy to limit the possibilities of a new idea by connecting it to only one area of our previous knowledge. Great thinkers are aware of this and try to combine new and old ideas in as many different ways as possible. They also try to make connections that may seem strange at first. By comparing and connecting ideas and objects in new ways, creative thinkers are able to think of new applications and solutions. Many of the things that we use every day were invented by someone who saw similarities between his or her ideas and objects or systems in the world.
Ⅴ.Writing 30%
Directions:What do you think of the middle school education in
【参考答案】
Ⅰ.Vocabulary and Structure
1.D 【解析】现在完成时表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响，由我无法找到这个当前的结果可看出应用现在完成时。
2.D 【解析】but表转折，由后半句“他现在非常喜欢踢足球”可看出，他过去常常打篮球。used to do sth.意为“过去常常干某事”。
3.B 【解析】四个选项中就B是水上运动。
4.B 【解析】两者之间用between。
5.D 【解析】make contribution to doing sth.意为“为……做贡献”，to在这里是介词，故其后用ing形式。
6.A 【解析】have/has been to…意为“去过某地”;have/has gone to…意为“去了某地”。
7.A 【解析】由后面的they可判断出，照片不止一张，故用复数，photo的复数形式是photos。
8.D 【解析】中国第一大岛是台湾，海南是第二大岛。
9.C 【解析】live with意为“与……一起生活”;feed on意为“以……为食”;eat at意为“折磨”。
10.B 【解析】have difference from意为“与……存在区别”，由many可看出不止一个不同，故用differences。
11.A 【解析】yet和already都表示已经、还的意思，yet用于否定句和疑问句，already用于肯定句。
12.C 【解析】略。
13.D 【解析】由than看出，此句应用比较级，much可以用来修饰比较级。
14.A 【解析】略。
15.B 【解析】go on doing sth.意为“继续干某事”。
16.B 【解析】略。
17.C 【解析】本句的意思是“我正跟他谈话时想到了这个主意。”
18.B 【解析】at that time意为“在那个时候”，用过去进行时。
19.D 【解析】do代替动词come。
20.B 【解析】do you know后面的从句应用陈述语句。
21.A 【解析】for the fist time意为“第一次”。
22.D 【解析】some other things意为“其他一些东西”。
23.C 【解析】hang表示挂时，过去式为hung;表示绞死时，过去式为hanged。
24.A 【解析】作为速度来说，介词用at。
25.D 【解析】advice为不可数名词，故用单数形式。
26.C 【解析】hardly意为“几乎不”，study hard意为“学习刻苦”。
27.B 【解析】before long意为“不久以后，在短时间内”。
28.A 【解析】由since看出应用现在完成时，happen为不及物动词，不能用被动语态。
29.B 【解析】at a time意为“每次”，本句的意思是“每次只能有一匹马通过这个门”。
30.C 【解析】go wrong意为“误入歧途”;go away意为“离开”;go bad意为“腐烂”;go well意为“变好”。
31.D 【解析】由后一句该走了可判断出前一句是问对方准备好没有，故选D。
32.B 【解析】like to do 一般是一次性的动作、状态;like doing sth是习惯、惯常的动作。
33.D 【解析】try on意为“试穿”，代词置于两者中间。
34.B 【解析】本题考查情景对话，当对方无法回答你的问题时，应说thank you all the same。
35.C 【解析】略。
36.C 【解析】本句意为“你喜欢哪天就哪天”。
37.C 【解析】略。
38.A 【解析】advanced device意为“先进设备”，东西是被隐藏，故用过去分词。
39.B 【解析】略。
40.A 【解析】have effect on意为“对……有影响”。
Ⅱ.Reading Comprehension
1-5 BDDAC6-10 DBDCA11-15 BDDDC
Ⅲ.Proofreading and Error Correction
1.extreme→extremely2.proud→proud of3.√4.taking→taken5.out→out of
6.it→them7.being去掉8.then→when9.gentle→gently10.was→was so
11.why→when12.has→was13.√14.dying→dead15.were→was
16.a→if a17.第一个the去掉18.road→roads19.from→from being
20.guard→guard who
Ⅳ.Translation
【参考答案】纵观历史，伟大的思想家用他们的创造力和想象力改变了世界。他们那些新发明的想法是怎样来的呢?改变世界的思想家似乎没有多少共同之处。他们来自不同的文化，有着不同的背景，并且他们中仅有一部分人学业优异。创造力并不意味着在考试中得高分、高智商或很聪明。相反，作为一种社会上评价极高的技能，创造性思维似乎是一种习惯。通过反思我们的思维方式，锻炼良好的思维模式，我们可以变得更具创造力。
如果我们想获得成功，知识和学习是非常重要的，但是我们也应该知道，我们了解和学到的东西也可能限制我们的思维。“新思维新思想”就是尝试解决问题的新方法。发明家常常会换一种说法来表达一个问题，考虑那些具有创造性的解决方法，尝试一些“不可能的”或者“不实际的”解决办法。如果我们仅是为了寻找正确答案，且拒绝那些不能提供完整答案的想法，那么我们将会被困住。局部解决方案，甚至是失败，都可以给我们提供更多的信息和线索，以便我们找到一种更好的解决办法。创造性思维是一种有意识的努力，以此来打破旧的思维模式，开发新的可能性。
好的解决方案和新想法通常是改变一种观念的结果。通过从尽可能多的角度来看待一个问题，富有创造力的思想家可以发现在其他情况下可能觉察不了的答案。正如突破常规思考一样，这个换个角度看问题的过程涉及到一系列不同的尝试和一些错误的开端。每一种考虑情况的新方法都能加深我们的理解，使我们更容易发现新的可能性。伟大的思想家也喜欢让人看到他们的想法。一幅图画或一个模型将帮助你看到在其他情况下隐藏着的东西。
每一个新思想或新思路都会与我们已有的知识联系起来，不幸的是，仅把这些新想法或新思路与我们已有知识的一个领域联系起来将很容易限制它们实现的可能性。伟大的思想家了解到这一点，并且设法把新思想与旧知识以尽可能多的不同方式联系起来。他们也尝试进行一些起初看来很奇怪的联系。通过新方法比较和联系思想与目标，富有创造性的思想家能够想出新的应用和解决办法。我们现在每天使用的许多东西都是由那些发现其想法与世间对象或系统相似性的人发明的。
Ⅴ.Writing
【参考答案】略。