（六）掌握情态动词can, must, need, may等基本句型结构及主要用法
① 情态动词在英文中是“辅助性”动词，用来表示说话人的语气或情态，包括请求、命令、允诺、可能、需要、敢于、愿望、义务、能力等。情态动词本身有词义，但词义不完全，不能单独用作谓语，没有人称和数的变化，且后面只跟动词原形。
② 情态动词的种类：
原 形 过去式 词 义
can could 能
may might 可以（或许）
must must(had to) 必须（不得不）
will would 愿意
shall should 应该
need needed 需要
dare dared 敢于
③ can的用法
（1）表示体力或脑力方面的“能力”，也能表示根据客观条件能做某事的“能力”。
The boy can swim very well.
Who can answer this question?
（2）表示允许
The students can leave after the meeting.
When can I get the news?
（3）表示推测
It can be wrong.
Who can your new teacher next term?
④could的用法
（1）can的过去式，表示过去有能力及过去的可能性。
They could run very fast when they were young.
Could you speak English at that time?
（2）表示客气地请求或委婉地陈述意见。
Could I borrow your bike?
Could you listen to me carefully?
（3）表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度
How could that be?
She couldn’t know me.
⑤ must的用法
（1）．表示义务，命令或必要
You must finish it before 5 o’clock.
Must I hand it in now?
（2）．表示肯定的推测：一定
She must be a pretty girl.
You must be wrong.
⑥ need的用法
(1) 表示“需要，必须”，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。
We need to pay more attention.
Need I call him for you?
（2）need引导的疑问句，肯定回答时多用must，否定回答时用needn’t。
Need he come? 他必须来吗？
Yes, he must.是的，必须来。
No, he needn’t.不，他不必来。
⑦ may的用法
（1）表示请求、许可、可以
May I ask you some questions?
May we start now?
（2）表示推测说话人的猜测，认为某一事情“或许”或“可能”发生。
He may be 25 years old.
We may come back in three days.
（3）may用于感叹句中可以表示祝愿或愿望。
May you success!
May you have a nice trip！
⑧ should的用法
should意思是“应该”，表示劝告或建议（=ought to）
Who should I meet this afternoon?
You should pack you bag quickly.
（七）了解一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时三种时态的被动语态的结构形式及其基本用法
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等词来表示被动意义。被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词（p.p.）”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化亦如此。
1．一般现在时的被动语态（am/ is/ are +done）
English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语。
Class meeting is held every Thursday. 每周四都举行班会。
The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 学生们每天都打扫教室。
2．一般过去时的被动语态(was/ were +done)
The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男孩打碎了。
He was saved at last. 他最终获救了。
My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。
3．一般将来时的被动语态(will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done)
A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一个演讲。
A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一条新马路。
I think thousands of people will be helped. 我认为将有数千人得到帮助。
（八）了解含有情态动词的被动语态的构成形式及其基本用法
情态动词的被动语态结构为：情态动词+be+过去分词; 其时态及句型的变化仅由情态动词完成，“be+过去分词”部分不变。如：
Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。
Tables could be made of stone at that time.那时桌子可由石头制造。（一般过去时）
Can tables be made of stone? 桌子能用石头制造吗？（疑问句）
（九）掌握句子主谓一致的基本原则（此处略。见第七期）
（十）动词不定式的基本用法
动词不定式在句子中可充当主语、宾语、表语和宾语补足语和状语（包括目的状语，结果状语和原因状语。）
1）作主语
To dance with you makes me happy.和你跳舞令我高兴。
It is difficult to drive in the mountains. (=To drive in the mountains is difficult.)
在山里开车很困难。
2）作宾语
① 后接不定式作宾语的及物动词多是表示“意愿”、“企图”等的动词，如：
hope, want, wish, desire, like, decide, try，promise, refuse.
I want to talk with her.我想和她谈谈。
She has decided to go.她已决定要走。
② 在feel, find, think, consider, made等动词后如果是不定式作宾语，而补语是形容词，则通常用it作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语即不定式移至形容词之后。如：
I find it impossible to forget her.我发现忘掉她是不可能的。
He thought it necessary to take an umbrella.他认为带把伞是必要的。
3）作表语
Her wish is to be a teacher.他的愿望是成为一名教师。
Your duty is to clean the classroom.你的任务是打扫教室。
4）作宾语补足语
He wants me to come earlier.他想要我来得更早些。
The policeman ordered them to turn around.警察命令他们转过身。
5）作目的状语：
She opened the window to let some fresh air in.她打开窗子好让新鲜空气进来。
I went there to see her yesterday.昨天我去那儿看她了。
6）作结果状语：
He is too tired to go any further.他太累了，不能再走了。
He is not old enough to join the army.他年龄太小，不能参军。
7）作原因状语：
不定式跟在表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的形容词之后，可以表示引起这些情感的原因。
I’m sorry to trouble you.真抱歉给你带来麻烦。
I’m glad to see you.见到你真高兴。
二、巩固练习
一、单项选择
1. He had his lunch already.
A. will B. would C. has D. have
2. Mary speak English before she left for England.
A. can B. was able to C. could D. had been able to
3. I your help. I can do it myself.
A. needn’t B. don’t need to C. need D. don’t need
4. some more tea now?
A. Do you like B. Will you like
C. Would you like D. Should you like
5. — you the book to the library?
—Yes, I borrowed another one a moment ago.
A. Do, return B. Are, returning
C. Will, return D. Have, returned
6. Don’t go to see him. He changed his mind
A. is B. was C. will D. has
7. —How many times your uncle been to Beijing?
—Twice.
A. has B. have C. does D. did
8. My boy, you talk to your father like that.
A. won’t B. hasn’t to C. shouldn’t D. has to
9. give me a cup of water, Mary?
A. Shall you please B. Will you please
C. Please you D. Please do you
10. I work out the maths problem yesterday, but I can work it out now.
A. can’t B. couldn’t C. may not D. needn’t
11. Since you are very tired, you do it today.
A. needn’t B. don’t need C. needn’t to D. not need
12. Li Li get up at 7:30.
A. used to B. used C. was used to D. uses to
13. You answer this question.
A. haven’t to B. don’t have to C. don’t need D. needn’t to
14. It was a cold night. An old man under a chair in the park.
A. is lying B. was lying C. has lying D. will lie
15. You go with us at once.
A. need B. should C. would D. could
16. —_____I watch TV after dinner, Mum?
—No, you .
A. May; mustn’t B. May; don’t
C. May; won’t D. Must; mustn’t
17. Oh, sorry. I you in Shanghai.
A. don’t know…are B. didn’t know…were
C. don’t know…were D. haven’t known…are
18. The PRC in 1949.
A. was found B. found C. was founded D. founded
19. —Is Xiao Li in the classroom?
—No, he there. I saw him in the reading room just now.
A. can’t be B. mustn’t be C. is D. needn’t
20. —Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow?
— .
A. Yes, we shall B. Yes, you shall
C. Yes, you will D. All right
21. Nobody _____ do it. Let me _____ .
A. can, try B. can’t, to try C. can, to try D. can’t, trying
22. “ _____ you like ______ bananas to eat?” “ Yes, please.”
A. Would, some B. Will, any C. Could, any D. Can, some
23. “ Can you answer this question in English?” “ Sorry, I _____.”
A. needn’t B. may not C. can’t D. mustn’t
24. “ _____ I borrow your dictionary?” “ Certainly, here you are.”
A. Must B. May C. Need D. Shall
25. I _____ see the words on the blackboard. _____ you write a bit clearly?
A. mustn’t, Can B. don’t, will C. can’t, Can D. needn’t, Could
26. It’s a sunny day today. You ______ take a raincoat with you.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. can
27. I’ve looked for my pen everywhere, but I ______ find it.
A. couldn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. didn’t
28. “ ____ I speak to Ann?” “ Speaking.”
A. Must B. May C. Need D. Shall
29. The science book ______ good care of.
A. must be take B. must take C. must be taken D. must to be taken
30. The stars _____ in the daytime.
A. can’t be see B. can’t see C. can’t be saw D. can’t be seen
二、用方框内的情态动词填空（每词只用一次）
need, needn’t, can, can’t, shall, shouldn’tmay, must, mustn’t, have to, would
1. I show him the way, I?
2. Can you answer this question in French? No, I .
3. May I keep the book for three weeks? No, you .
4. Nobody live without air or water.
5. You not worry. Everything will be all right.
6. — I have some chocolates now?
—No, you mustn’t.
7. Children be left alone.
8. I finish my homework before I go to bed.
9. we go out for a walk? That’s a good idea.
10. you like some fish?
三、把下列句子改为被动语态
1. I saw the boy run yesterday.
2. He told me that he would come back soon.
3. You can find a lot of differences between the two languages.
4. Do you water your flowers every day?
5. The wind blew down the big tree last night.
6. I think that he is right.
7. He had not thrown the bad food.
8. Mother was not mending the trousers.
9. They would not take him to Beijing.
10. Nobody knew me in this town at that time.
四、用不定式完成下列各句
1. （把英语学好）isn’t easy.
2. This is the room .（住）
3. He made the children .（哭）
The baby is often heard .（哭）
4. Can you tell me .（如何去那所学校）
5. There are quite marry books .（读）
6. Don’t stop （休息）before you finish doing your homework.
7. Mother wants me .（将来成为一位教师）
8. We have planned （去打篮球）tomorrow.
9. The students was made .（再打扫一遍教室）
10. It’s important （友善）and helpful.
三、巩固练习参考答案
一、单项选择
1. C 2. D 3. D 4. C 5. D
6. D 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. B
11. A 12. A 13. B 14. B 15. B
16. A 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. D
21. A 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. C
26. C 27. B 28. B 29. C 30. D
二、用方框内的情态动词填空
1. needn’t, must
2. can’t
3. mustn’t
4. can
5. need
6. May
7. shouldn’t
8. have to
9. shall
10. would
三、把下列句子改为被动语态
1. The boy was seen to run by me yesterday.
2. I was told that he would come back soon.
3. A lot of differences can be found by you between the two languages.
4. Are your flowers watered every day?
5. The big tree was blown down last night.
6. It is thought that he is right.
7. The bad food had not been thrown.
8. The trousers were not being mended by my mother.
9. He would not be taken to Beijing.
10. I was known by nobody in this town at that time.
四、用不定式完成下列各句
1. To learn English well
2. to live in
3. cry; to cry
4. how to get to that school
5. to read
6. to have a rest
7. to become a teacher in the future
8. to play basketball
9. to clean the classroom again
10. to be kind