专业基础知识部分
Ⅰ.Vocabulary and Structure 15%
Directions:There are fifteen incomplete sentences in this part.For each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.
()1.Brush pensbamboo and wood,some paperwood and bamboo.
A.are made from,is made of B.make from,makes of
C.are made of,is made from D.make of,makes from
()2.Are you ready?Well go out for a picnic30 minutes.
A.at B.for
C.sinceD.in
()3.He dropped theand broke it.
A.cup of coffer B.coffees cup
C.cup for coffeeD.coffee cup
()4.has already been pointed out,grammar is not a set of dead rules.
A.As B.It
C.ThatD.Which
()5.Carol said the work would be done by October personally，I doubt very much.
A.itB.that
C.when D.which
()6.is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
A.There B.This
C.That D.It
()7.This is one of the most interesting questions thatasked.
A.haveB.has
C.have been D.has been
()8.His trouserswhen he tried to jump over the fence.
A.crackedB.split
C.brokeD.burst
()9.Many patients insist on having watches with them in hospital,they have no schedules to keep.
A.even though B.for
C.as if D.since
()10.,Id have done it myself.
A.If I know itB.Had I known it
C.If I had have known it D.Should I known it
()11.He wouldnt answer the reporters questions,nor would hefor a photograph.
A.summon B.highlight
C.pose D.marshal
()12.Theof the scientific attitude is that the human mind can succeed in understanding the universe.
A.essence B.texture
C.content D.threshold
()13.The girls facewith embarrassment during the interview when she couldnt answer the tough question.
A.beamed B.dazzled
C.radiated D.flushed
()14.The governments policies will come under closein the weeks before the election.
A.appreciation B.specification
C.scrutinyD.apprehension
()15.Very few people could understand his lecture because the subject was very.
A.faintB.obscure
C.gloomy D.indefinite
Ⅱ.Close 20%
Directions:There is one passage with blanks in this part.For each blank there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the ONE that best fills in the blank.
Have you ever wondered what our future is like?Practically all people1a desire to predict their future2.Most people seem inclined to3this task using causal reasoning.First，we4recognize that future circumstances are5caused or conditioned by present ones.We learn that getting an education will6how much money we earn later and that swimming beyond the reef may bring an unhappy7with a shark.Second,people also learn that such8of cause and effect are probabilistic (可能的) in nature.That is,the effects occur more often when the causes occur than when the causes are9,but not always.Thus,students learn that studying hard10good grades in most instances,but not every time.Science makes these concepts of causality and probability more11and provides techniques for dealing12them more accurately than does causal human inquiry.In looking at ordinary human inquiry,we need to13between prediction and understanding.Often,even if we dont understand why,we are willing to act14the basis of a demonstrated predictive ability.Whatever the primitive drives15motivate human beings,satisfying them depends heavily on the ability to16future circumstances.The attempt to predict is often played in a17of knowledge and understanding.If you can understand why certain regular patterns18,you can predict better than if you simply observe those patterns.Thus,human inquiry aims19answering both “what” and “why” questions,and we pursue these20by observing and figuring out.
()1.A.exhibitB.exaggerateC.examineD.exceed
()2.A.contexts B.circumstancesC.inspections D.intuitions
()3.A.underestimateB.undermineC.undertake D.undergo
()4.A.specially B.particularly C.always D.generally
()5.A.somehowB.somebody C.someoneD.something
()6.A.enactB.affect C.reflect D.inflect
()7.A.meeting B.occurrence C.encounter D.contact
()8.A.patterns B.designs C.arrangements D.pictures
()9.A.disappointedB.absent C.inadequate D.absolute
()10.A.creates B.producesC.loses D.protects
()11.A.obscureB.indistinctC.explicitD.explosive
()12.A.for B.atC.in D.with
()13.A.distinguish B.distinct C.distort D.distract
()14.A.at B.on C.to D.under
()15.A.whyB.howC.that D.where
()16.A.predict B.produceC.pretend D.precede
()17.A.contentB.contact C.contest D.context
()18.A.happenB.occur C.occupyD.incur
()19.A.at B.onC.to D.beyond
()20.A.purposes B.ambitions C.drives D.goals
Ⅲ.Reading Comprehension 34%
Directions:There are four passages in this part.Each passage is followed by several questions and unfinished sentences.For each of them there are several choices.You should decide on the BEST ONE.
Passage 1
Early rising is helpful in more than one way.First,it helps us have good health.We all need fresh air.It makes our health better to take morning exercises.The air is never so fresh as early in the morning.Early rising helps us in our studies.In the morning we learn more quickly and find it easy to learn something by heart.
Early rising makes people able to plan the work for the day.We cant work well without a good plan.Just as the plan for the year should be made in the spring,the plan for a day should be made in the morning.Early rising gives us enough time to get ready for our work,such as to wash our hands and eat our breakfast.So the popular saying says,“Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy,wealthy and wise.”
()1.“Early rising” meansearly in the morning.
A.waking upB.getting up
C.having breakfast D.making a days plan
()2.Why does the passage advise us to take exercises early in the morning?
A.Because we can save much time.
B.Because we are not busy in the morning.
C.Because air in the morning is very fresh.
D.Because we dont need to prepare for breakfast.
()3.We can work well with.
A.enough time B.a good reading
C.clean hands D.a good plan
Passage 2
Dear all,
Please read Professor Humes email about his next lecture on Rosa Parks.
Susan Miller
Secretary
Dear Susan,
Please forward this message to students of my history class.
Besides the life story of Rosa Parks in the textbook,the students are also required to read the passage below and some related stories that can be borrowed from the school library.
Ted Hume
The early experiences of Rosa Parks (1913~2005),long known as the “mother of the civil rights movement,”were not different from those of many AfricanAmericans at that time.The black woman,however,turned the course of American history in December 1955 when she refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man.“By sitting down,” remarked John Lewis,“she was standing up for all Americans.”
Among the numerous awards Parks received in her life were the Presidential Medal of Freedom (1996) and the Congressional Gold Medal (1999).
Parks died on Oct.24,2005.At St.Paul A.M.E.Church in Montgomery,a large crowd including Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice celebrated her life.Rice said she and others,who grew up when the political activities of Parks held public attention,might not have realized her impact(影响) on their lives,“but I can honestly say that without Mrs.Parks,I probably would not be standing here as Secretary of State.”
After her casket(灵柩) was placed at the Capitol,U.S.President Bush,members of Congress and ordinary Americans paid their respects.In American history,Parks is the first woman to lie in state at the Capitol,a very high regard usually reserved for Presidents of the United States.
()4.What is the main purpose of Susans email?
A.To make arrangements for Professor Humes class.
B.To introduce to the students Rosa Parks.
C.To help the students organize a lecture.
D.To answer Professor Humes last email.
()5.What does the underlined word “forward” mean?
A.explain B.send
C.take D.read
()6.The political impact of Rosa Parks lies in the fact that she.
A.helped Condoleezza Rice achieve political success
B.joined the civil rights movement at a young age
C.made racial equality a common value in American society
D.set a good example in her early life for other black Americans
()7.How was Rosa Parks treated after her death?
A.She was named “mother of the civil rights movement”.
B.She was received by President Bush at the Capitol.
C.She was given the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
D.She was honored to lie in state at the Capitol.
Passage 3
Today,as in every other day of the year,more than 3,000 U.S.adolescents will smoke their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adults.During their lifetime,it can be expected that of these 3,000 about 23 will be murdered,30 will die in traffic accidents,and nearly 750 will be killed by a smokingrelated disease.The number of deaths attributed to cigarette smoking outweighs all other factors,whether voluntary or involuntary,as a cause of death.
Since the late 1970s,when daily smoking among high school seniors reached 30 percent,smoking rates among youth have declined.While the decline is impressive,several important issues must be raised.
First,in the past several years,smoking rates among youth have declined very little.Second,in the late 1970s,smoking among male high school seniors exceeded that among female by nearly 10 percent.The statistic is reversing.Third,several recent studies have indicate high school dropouts have excessively high smoking rates,as much as 75 percent.
Finally,though significant declines in adolescent smoking have occurred in the past decade,no definite reasons for the decline exist.Within this context,the National Cancer Institute (NCI) began its current effort to determine the most effective measures to reduce smoking levels among youth.
()8.According to the author,the deaths among youth are mainly caused by.
A.traffic accidentsB.smokingrelated disease
C.murderD.all of these
()9.Every day there are overhigh school students who will become regular smoker.
A.75 B.23
C.30 D.3000
()10.By “dropout” the author means.
A.students who failed the examination
B.students who left school
C.students who lost their way
D.students who were driven out of school
()11.The reason for declining adolescent smoking is that.
A.NCI has taken effective measures
B.smoking is prevented among high school seniors
C.there are many smokers who have died of cancer
D.none of these
()12.What is implied but not stated by the author is that.
A.smoking rates among youth have declined very little
B.there are now more female than male smokers among high school seniors
C.high smoking rates are due to the increase in wealth
D.smoking at high school are from low socioeconomic backgrounds
Passage 4
Unions are organizations of workers that bargain with employers for economic and job benefits.They exist to create political and economic power against private management and the government to achieve their goals.
These goals are primarily higher wages,better working conditions,and job security.The arrangements made to achieve these goals are usually complex in their social and psychological detail.
Union movements occurred in the latter years of the 1700s in the U.S.Carpenters,printers,and shoemakers formed organizations as early as 1791 in Philadelphia,Boston,and New York.These arose largely over economic conflicts between workers and employers when rapid changes in a young developing country began to break down the familiar methods of production and the close ties between worker and employer.
A long,hard drive for legalization of union followed.Unions fought with companies and unsympathetic courts for legitimacy and status.Unions were seen as a threat to free enterprise and private property,and therefore to political and economic stability.They were also considered radical,and companies resisted them vigorously.Violence was frequent on both sides.The government at times moved in state police to suppress the more fierce conflicts.Union workers themselves often punishes other workers who did not support their polices.
Unions in the U.S. have always maintained a practical direction.They have not adopted radical ideologies or unrealistic goals.A major force in union organizing in the early part of the century,Samuel Gompers,took a practical approach.He was for“bread and butter unionism”or“pure and simple unionism.”He was interested in immediate,practical gains—higher wages and shorter hours.He sided with no political party,only with politicians who could help.
()13.The main objective of unions as mentioned in the first paragraph is.
A.to create economic and political strain to the government
B.to make complex arrangements for their members
C.to deal with employers for economic and job benefits
D.to break down the ties between employer and employee
()14.Which of the following can be inferred about the purpose of a strike?
A.To force the government to get involved.
B.To relieve the conflicts between worker and employer.
C.To impose financial difficulties on a company.
D.To win court support for the worker.
()15.From the passage we learn that.
A.unions adopted only an approach of violence to solving conflicts
B.unions are intended primarily to maintain economic prosperity
C.the government always gives vigorous support to unions during a conflict
D.there exist conflicts even among the union members themselves
()16.Unions under the leadership of Gompers differ from unions in other places in that the former are characterized by.
A.their realistic goals
B.their power and status
C.their unique organization
D.their immediate actions
()17.The word “legitimacy” (Line 2,Paragraph 4) most probably means.
A.roleB.fruit
C.statusD.legality
Ⅳ.Translation 16%
Directions:Translate the following passage into Chinese.
Passage 1
It is not difficult to imagine a world short of ambition.It would probably be a kinder world: without demands,without abrasions,without disappointments.People would have time for reflection.Such work as they did would not be for themselves,but for the collectivity.Competition would never enter in.Conflict would be eliminated.Tension would become a thing of the past.The stress of creation would be at an end.Art would no longer be troubling,but purely celebratory in its functions.The family would become superfluous as a social unit,with all its former power for bringing about neurosis drained away.Longevity would be increased,for fewer
people would die of heart attack or stroke caused by tumultuous endeavor.Anxiety would be extinct.Time would stretch on and on with ambition long departed from the human heart.
Passage 2
In recent decades it has become clear that for a distinct minority of American women the traditional mother role in the seclusion of the home is no longer acceptable.For many the family is of diminishing importance.The development of education for women has been a crucial factor in this change.Today,over 80 percent of all women complete four years of high school as compared to only 35 percent in 1940.This is related to the fact that marriage now occurs a year later for the average woman.The proportion of women aged 20 to 24 who are single increased from 28 percent in 1960 to 40 percent by the mid 1970s.Childbearing is being postponed so that,compared to the 1960s,10 percent fewer women bear their first child in the two years immediately following marriage,and childlessness is one of the basic changes that have taken place in womens roles in recent years.
Ⅴ.Writing 15%
Directions: In this part,you are required to write a letter of about 120～150 words to your cousin.In the letter,you should give him some advice on how to prepare for the College Entrance Examination he is going to take next year.
教育学、教育心理学部分
六、名词解释(本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分)
1.成就动机
2.动作技能
3.强化
4.态度
5.迁移
七、简答题(本大题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分)
1.学生的人身安全受法律保护，作为教师，你认为在预防和处理学生被性骚扰或性分割事件时，应注意些什么?
2.教学中教师应如何激发学生的学习动机?
3.简述制约课程的主要因素。
4.教学中如何根据学生的认知差异进行教学?
八、论述题(本大题共2小题，每小题10分，共20分)
1.你怎样理解范例教学法?
2.“蓬生麻中，不扶自直”谈谈你对这种观点的看法。
【参考答案】
Ⅰ.Vocabulary and Structure
1.C 【解析】make of 的原材料是看得到的;make from的原材料是看不出的。
2.D 【解析】“in+一段时间”用于将来时，表明一段时间以后。
3.D 【解析】从后半句：打碎了它，可以推断出前面掉了的是咖啡杯。
4.A 【解析】as可引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句，相当于and this或and that，一般放在句首。
5.D 【解析】本题考查的是which引导的非限制性定语从句。which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况。
6.D 【解析】it 做形式主语，真正的主语为English is being accepted as an international language。
7.C 【解析】略。
8.B 【解析】crack意为“开裂，破裂”;split意为“破裂”;break意为“打破”;burst意为“爆炸，爆裂。”裤子上的裂口一般用split。
9.A 【解析】even though意为“即使，纵然”;for意为“因为”，表原因;as if意为“好像，似乎”;since意为“既然”。
10.B 【解析】if 条件句中包含有 should, had, were时，可省去 if，且将should, had, were移到句首，构成倒装句式，而意思不变。
11.C 【解析】summon意为“召集，召唤”;highlight意为“突出，使显著”;pose意为“摆姿势”;marshal意为“整顿，配置，汇集”。本句的意思是“他不会回答记者的问题，也不会接受拍照”。
12.A 【解析】essence意为“本质”;texture意为“质地”;content意为“内容”;threshold意为“门槛”。本句的意思是“科学态度的本质是人类的智力能够成功地理解宇宙的奥秘”。
13.D 【解析】beam意为“照射，露出喜色”;dazzle意为“使惊讶，使耀眼”;radiate意为“辐射”;flush意为“脸红”。本句的意思是“这个女孩在面试的时候因回答不出那个困难的问题而尴尬地脸红了”。
14.C 【解析】appreciation意为“感激，欣赏”;specification意为“规格，说明书”;scrutiny意为“详细审查”;apprehension意为“理解，拘捕”。本句的意思是“在选举之前的那几个星期，政府的政策将受到仔细的检查监督”。
15.B 【解析】faint意为“衰弱的, 软弱的”;obscure意为“难懂的，模糊的，晦涩的”;gloomy意为“黑暗的，阴郁的”;indefinite意为“含糊的，不确定的”。本句的意思是“几乎没有人能够理解这次讲座，因为他讲座的主题非常晦涩难懂”。
Ⅱ.Close
1-5 ABCDA6-10 BCABB11-15 CDABC16-20 ADBAD
Ⅲ.Reading Comprehension
1-3 BCD4-7 ABCD8-12 BDBDB13-17 CCDAD
Ⅳ.Translation
【参考答案】
Passage 1
不难想象，没有抱负与雄心的社会将会是怎样的。它很可能是一个比较随和的社会：没有要求，没有矛盾，也没有失望。人们有时间深思。他们所做的工作不是为了自己，而是为了集体。从来没有竞争。冲突将被消灭，紧张已成为过去。不再需要创造力。艺术不再是高深莫测的，它的作用纯粹是为了欢庆与颂扬。家庭作为一个社会的单元将成为多余，它以前的束缚力已消失。长寿会增加，因为死于紧张、辛劳的工作引起的心脏病与中风的人会越来越少。思虑将不复存在。人类长期地摆脱抱负、欲望的压力，日子会过得越来越舒坦。
Passage 2
在最近几十年的时间里，人们渐渐地明白了一个事实，那就是：为数不多的妇女已不再接受并愿意扮演深居简出的传统母亲角色。许多人认为家庭的重要性正日益消失。妇女受教育程度的提高是造成这一变化的重要因素。如今，80%的妇女完成了四年制的高中学习。而在1940年，完成这一阶段学习的妇女仅占35%。这与现在美国妇女平均晚一年结婚有关。二十岁至二十四岁未婚者从1960年的28%上升到20世纪70年代的40%。人们推迟了生儿育女的时间，因此，
相较于20世纪60年代，结婚后两年内生孩子的妇女少了10%。除此之外，不想要孩子是近年来妇女角色发生变化的基本表现之一。
Ⅴ.Writing
【参考答案】略。
教育学、教育心理学部分
六、名词解释
1.成就动机：人们力求获得成功的内在动力。一个人对自己认为重要的、有价值的事情，会努力去克服困难，尽力达成目标的一种内部推动力量。
2.动作技能：也叫操作技能、运动技能，是借助于骨骼、肌肉实现的，通过练习而形成的以合理的、完善的方式组织起来的外部操作活动方式。
3.强化：是一种操作，作用在于改变某一反应在将来发生的概率。
4.态度：通过学习形成的，影响个人行为选择的内部准备状态或反应的倾向性。
5.迁移：一般所指的迁移是学习迁移，即一种学习对另一种学习的影响。
七、简答题
1.【参考答案】作为教师，在预防和处理学生被性骚扰或性分割事件时，应注意以下几点：
(1)学生的人身安全受法律保护，教师应有保护学生的人身安全的意识。
(2)对于预防伤害事件的发生，教师应加强学生自我保护意识的教育，保护好自己的人身安全。同时，让学生了解自己的权利，并在受到伤害时学会用法律保护自己。
(3)对于处理学生被性骚扰或性分割事件时，教师应注意保护学生的隐私，并对学生提供各方面的帮助，让学生尽快摆脱事件对自身的伤害。
2.【参考答案】(1)创设问题情境，实施启发式教学;(2)根据作业难度，恰当控制动机水平;(3)充分利用反馈信息，妥善进行奖惩;(4)正确指导结果归因，促使学生继续努力。
3.【参考答案】课程随社会的发展而演变。课程反映一定社会的政治、经济的要求，受一定社会生产力和科学文化发展水平以及学生身心发展规律的制约。也就是说，社会、知识和儿童是制约学校课程的三大因素。
(1)一定历史时期社会发展的要求及提供的可能。社会时代发展的状态与需要，是形成不同时代学校教育课程总体结构体系重大差别的重要原因。
(2)一定时代人类文化及科学技术发展水平。课程的编制应考虑学科体系的完整性、知识结构的内在逻辑性，反映现代科学技术发展的水平，以保证学校课程的科学性、系统性。
(3)学生的年龄特征、知识、能力基础及其可接受性。课程内容的深度、广度和逻辑结构，不仅要适合学生年龄特征，符合学生身心发展的一般规律，而且要正确处理需要与可能、现实与发展的关系，从而最大限度地促进学生身心和谐发展。
除此之外，课程理论也是制约课程的一大因素。建立在不同教育哲学理论基础上的课程论及课程的历史传统，对课程产生重要的结构性影响。
4.【参考答案】认知方式没有优劣好坏之分，认知差异表明我们必须根据学生认知差异的特点与作用，不断改革教学，努力做到因材施教。
(1)要采用与学生认知风格相一致的教学策略。
(2)应该根据学生认知方式设计教学对策。
八、论述题
1.【参考答案】范例教学法是指教师在教学中选择真正基础的本质的知识作为教学内容，通过“范例”内容的讲授，使学生达到举一反三、掌握同一类知识的规律的方法。它源于本世纪五十年代出现的一种影响颇大的教学理论流派——范例教学，倡导者为德国教育家瓦根舍因和克拉夫基。运用此法的目的在于促使学生独立学习，而不是要学生复述式地掌握知识，要使学生将所学的知识迁移到其他方面，并进一步发展所学的知识，以改变学生的思维方法和行动能力。
范例教学法中的“范例”有以下三个特点：基本性、基础性和范例性。在教学要求上，范例教学有四个统一：教学与教育相统一;解决问题的学习与系统知识的学习相统一;掌握知识与培养能力相统一;学习的主体——学生与学习的客体——教材相统一。范例教学分四个步骤：(1)通过范例的、典型的、具体的、单个实例来说明事物的特征。(2)在第一步学习的基础上进行归纳、推断，认识这一类事物的特征。(3)在前面学习的基础上，进一步归纳事物发展的规律性。(4)范例地获得关于世界关系和切身经验的知识，使学生不仅了解客观世界，也认识自己，提高行为的自觉性。
2.【参考答案】该观点强调了环境对个体的发展的重要性。环境泛指个体生活其中，影响个体身心发展的一切外部因素。环境对个体的发展的确有很大的影响，它为个体的发展提供了多种可能，包括机遇、条件和对象。环境所提供的条件不同，对个体发展的意义也不同。环境对个体的发展的影响有积极和消极之分。然而环境只是一个外在因素，对个体的发展不起决定作用。人在接受环境影响和作用时，不是消极被动的，人具有主观能动性，人能改造环境，且在改造环境的实践中发展着自身。因此，夸大环境对人的发展的作用，特别是环境决定论的观点，是错误的。