核心提示：2012年初中英语教师招聘考试高度模拟试卷及参考答案一...
A.students who failed the examination
B.students who left school
C.students who lost their way
D.students who were driven out of school
()11.The reason for declining adolescent smoking is that.
A.NCI has taken effective measures
B.smoking is prevented among high school seniors
C.there are many smokers who have died of cancer
D.none of these
()12.What is implied but not stated by the author is that.
A.smoking rates among youth have declined very little
B.there are now more female than male smokers among high school seniors
C.high smoking rates are due to the increase in wealth
D.smoking at high school are from low socio economic backgrounds
Passage 4
Unions are organizations of workers that bargain with employers for economic and job benefits.They exist to create political and economic power against private management and the government to achieve their goals. These goals are primarily higher wages,better working conditions,and job security.The arrangements made to achieve these goals are usually complex in their social and psychological detail. Union movements occurred in the latter years of the 1700s in the U.S.Carpenters,printers,and shoemakers formed organizations as early as 1791 in Philadelphia,Boston,and New York.These arose largely over economic conflicts between workers and employers when rapid changes in a young developing country began to break down the familiar methods of production and the close ties between worker and employer. A long,hard drive for legalization of union followed.Unions fought with companies and unsympathetic courts for legitimacy and status.Unions were seen as a threat to free enterprise and private property,and therefore to political and economic stability.They were also considered radical,and companies resisted them vigorously.Violence was frequent on both sides.The government at times moved in state police to suppress the more fierce conflicts.Union workers themselves often punishes other workers who did not support their polices. Unions in the U.S. have always maintained a practical direction.They have not adopted radical ideologies or unrealistic goals.A major force in union organizing in the early part of the century,Samuel Gompers,took a practical approach.He was for“bread and butter unionism”or“pure and simple unionism.”He was interested in immediate,practical gains—higher wages and shorter hours.He sided with no political party,only with politicians who could help.
()13.The main objective of unions as mentioned in the first paragraph is.
A.to create economic and political strain to the government
B.to make complex arrangements for their members
C.to deal with employers for economic and job benefits
D.to break down the ties between employer and employee
()14.Which of the following can be inferred about the purpose of a strike?
A.To force the government to get involved.
B.To relieve the conflicts between worker and employer.
C.To impose financial difficulties on a company.
D.To win court support for the worker.
()15.From the passage we learn that.
A.unions adopted only an approach of violence to solving conflicts
B.unions are intended primarily to maintain economic prosperity
C.the government always gives vigorous support to unions during a conflict
D.there exist conflicts even among the union members themselves
()16.Unions under the leadership of Gompers differ from unions in other places in that the former
are characterized by.
A.their realistic goals
B.their power and status
C.their unique organization
D.their immediate actions
()17.The word “legitimacy” (Line 2,Paragraph 4) most probably means.
A.roleB.fruit
C.statusD.legality
Ⅳ.Translation 16%
Directions:Translate the following passage into Chinese.
Passage 1
It is not difficult to imagine a world short of ambition.It would probably be a kinder world: without demands,without abrasions,without disappointments.People would have time for reflection.Such work as they did would not be for themselves,but for the collectivity.Competition would never enter in.Conflict would be eliminated.Tension would become a thing of the past.The stress of creation would be at an end.Art would no longer be troubling,but purely celebratory in its functions.The family would become superfluous as a social unit,with all its former power for bringing about neurosis drained away.Longevity would be increased,for fewer people would die of heart attack or stroke caused by tumultuous endeavor.Anxiety would be extinct.Time would stretch on and on with ambition long departed from the human heart.
Passage 2
In recent decades it has become clear that for a distinct minority of American women the traditional mother role in the seclusion of the home is no longer acceptable.For many the family is of diminishing importance.The development of education for women has been a crucial factor in this change.Today,over 80 percent of all women complete four years of high school as compared to only 35 percent in 1940.This is related to the fact that marriage now occurs a year later for the average woman.The proportion of women aged 20 to 24 who are single increased from 28 percent in 1960 to 40 percent by the mid 1970s.Childbearing is being postponed so that,compared to the 1960s,10 percent fewer women bear their first child in the two year s immediately following marriage,and childlessness is one of the basic changes that have taken place in women s roles in recent years.
Ⅴ.Writing 15%
Directions: In this part,you are required to write a letter of about 120～150 words to your
cousin.In the letter,you should give him some advice on how to prepare for the College Entrance
Examination he is going to take next year.
教育学、教育心理学部分
六、名词解释(本大题共5 小题，每小题2 分，共10 分)
1.成就动机
2.动作技能
3.强化
4.态度
5.迁移
七、简答题(本大题共4 小题，每小题5 分，共20 分)
1.学生的人身安全受法律保护，作为教师，你认为在预防和处理学生被性骚扰或性分割事件时，应注意些什么?
2.教学中教师应如何激发学生的学习动机?
3.简述制约课程的主要因素。
4.教学中如何根据学生的认知差异进行教学?
八、论述题(本大题共2 小题，每小题10 分，共20 分)
1.你怎样理解范例教学法?
2.“蓬生麻中，不扶自直”谈谈你对这种观点的看法。
【答案解析】
专业基础知识部分
Ⅰ.Vocabulary and Structure
1.C 【解析】make of 的原材料是看得到的;make from 的原材料是看不出的。
2.D 【解析】“in+一段时间”用于将来时，表明一段时间以后。
3.D 【解析】从后半句：打碎了它，可以推断出前面掉了的是咖啡杯。
4.A 【解析】as 可引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句，相当于and this 或and that，一般放在句首。
5.D 【解析】本题考查的是which 引导的非限制性定语从句。which 引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况。
6.D 【解析】it 做形式主语，真正的主语为English is being accepted as an international language。
7.C 【解析】略。
8.B 【解析】crack 意为“开裂，破裂”;split 意为“破裂”;break 意为“打破”;burst 意为“爆炸，爆裂。”裤子上的裂口一般用split。
9.A 【解析】even though 意为“即使，纵然”;for 意为“因为”，表原因;as if 意为“好像，似乎”;since 意为“既然”。
10.B 【解析】if 条件句中包含有 should, had, were 时，可省去 if，且将should, had, were 移到句首，构成倒装句式，而意思不变。
11.C 【解析】summon 意为“召集，召唤”;highlight 意为“突出，使显著”;pose 意为“摆姿势”;marshal 意为“整顿，配置，汇集”。本句的意思是“他不会回答记者的问题，也不会接受拍照”。
12.A 【解析】essence 意为“本质”;texture 意为“质地”;content 意为“内容”;threshold 意为“门槛”。本句的意思是“科学态度的本质是人类的智力能够成功地理解宇宙的奥秘”。
13.D 【解析】beam 意为“照射，露出喜色”;dazzle 意为“使惊讶，使耀眼”;radiate 意为“辐射”;flush 意为“脸红”。本句的意思是“这个女孩在面试的时候因回答不出那个困难的问题而尴尬地脸红了”。
14.C 【解析】appreciation 意为“感激，欣赏”;specification 意为“规格，说明书”;scrutiny 意为“详细审查”;apprehension 意为“理解，拘捕”。本句的意思是“在选举之前的那几个星期，政府的政策将受到仔细的检查监督”。
15.B 【解析】faint 意为“衰弱的, 软弱的”;obscure 意为“难懂的，模糊的，晦涩的”;gloomy 意为“黑暗的，阴郁的”;indefinite 意为“含糊的，不确定的”。本句的意思是“几乎没有人能够理解这次讲座，因为他讲座的主题非常晦涩难懂”。
Ⅱ.Close
1-5 ABCDA6-10 BCABB11-15 CDABC16-20 ADBAD
Ⅲ.Reading Comprehension
1-3 BCD4-7 ABCD8-12 BDBDB13-17 CCDAD
Ⅳ.Translation
【参考答案】
Passage 1
不难想象，没有抱负与雄心的社会将会是怎样的。它很可能是一个比较随和的社会：没有要求，没有矛盾， 也没有失望。人们有时间深思。他们所做的工作不是为了自己，而是为了集体。从来没有竞争。冲突将被消灭，紧张已成为过去。不再需要创造力。艺术不再是高深莫测的，它的作用纯粹是为了欢庆与颂扬。家庭作为一个社会的单元将成为多余，它以前的束缚力已消失。长寿会增加，因为死于紧张、辛劳的工作引起的心脏病与中风的人会越来越少。思虑将不复存在。人类长期地摆脱抱负、欲望的压力，日子会过得越来越舒坦。
Passage 2
在最近几十年的时间里，人们渐渐地明白了一个事实，那就是：为数不多的妇女已不再接受并愿意扮演深居简出的传统母亲角色。许多人认为家庭的重要性正日益消失。妇女受教育程度的提高是造成这一变化的重要因素。如今，80%的妇女完成了四年制的高中学习。而在1940 年，完成这一阶段学习的妇女仅占35%。这与现在美国妇女平均晚一年结婚有关。二十岁至二十四岁未婚者从1960 年的28%上升到20 世纪70 年代的40%。人们推迟了生儿育女的时间，因此，
相较于20 世纪60 年代，结婚后两年内生孩子的妇女少了10%。除此之外，不想要孩子是近年来妇女角色发生变化的基本表现之一。
Ⅴ.Writing
【参考答案】略。
教育学、教育心理学部分
六、名词解释
1.成就动机：人们力求获得成功的内在动力。一个人对自己认为重要的、有价值的事情，会努力去克服困难，尽力达成目标的一种内部推动力量。
2.动作技能：也叫操作技能、运动技能，是借助于骨骼、肌肉实现的，通过练习而形成的以合理的、完善的方式组织起来的外部操作活动方式。
3.强化：是一种操作，作用在于改变某一反应在将来发生的概率。
4.态度：通过学习形成的，影响个人行为选择的内部准备状态或反应的倾向性。
5.迁移：一般所指的迁移是学习迁移，即一种学习对另一种学习的影响。
七、简答题
1.【参考答案】作为教师，在预防和处理学生被性骚扰或性分割事件时，应注意以下几点：
(1)学生的人身安全受法律保护，教师应有保护学生的人身安全的意识。
(2)对于预防伤害事件的发生，教师应加强学生自我保护意识的教育，保护好自己的人身安全。同时，让学生了解自己的权利，并在受到伤害时学会用法律保护自己。
(3)对于处理学生被性骚扰或性分割事件时，教师应注意保护学生的隐私，并对学生提供各方面的帮助，让学生尽快摆脱事件对自身的伤害。
2.【参考答案】(1)创设问题情境，实施启发式教学;(2)根据作业难度，恰当控制动机水平;(3)充分利用反馈信息，妥善进行奖惩;(4)正确指导结果归因，促使学生继续努力。
3.【参考答案】课程随社会的发展而演变。课程反映一定社会的政治、经济的要求，受一定社会生产力和科学文化发展水平以及学生身心发展规律的制约。也就是说，社会、知识和儿童是制约学校课程的三大因素。
(1)一定历史时期社会发展的要求及提供的可能。社会时代发展的状态与需要，是形成不同时代学校教育课程总体结构体系重大差别的重要原因。
(2)一定时代人类文化及科学技术发展水平。课程的编制应考虑学科体系的完整性、知识结构的内在逻辑性，反映现代科学技术发展的水平，以保证学校课程的科学性、系统性。
(3)学生的年龄特征、知识、能力基础及其可接受性。课程内容的深度、广度和逻辑结构，不仅要适合学生年龄特征，符合学生身心发展的一般规律，而且要正确处理需要与可能、现实与发展的关系，从而最大限度地促进学生身心和谐发展。
除此之外，课程理论也是制约课程的一大因素。建立在不同教育哲学理论基础上的课程论及课程的历史传统，对课程产生重要的结构性影响。
4.【参考答案】认知方式没有优劣好坏之分，认知差异表明我们必须根据学生认知差异的特点与作用，不断改革教学，努力做到因材施教。
(1)要采用与学生认知风格相一致的教学策略。
(2)应该根据学生认知方式设计教学对策。
八、论述题
1.【参考答案】范例教学法是指教师在教学中选择真正基础的本质的知识作为教学内容，通过“范例”内容的讲授，使学生达到举一反三、掌握同一类知识的规律的方法。它源于本世纪五十年代出现的一种影响颇大的教学理论流派——范例教学，倡导者为德国教育家瓦根舍因和克拉夫基。运用此法的目的在于促使学生独立学习，而不是要学生复述式地掌握知识，要使学生将所学的知识迁移到其他方面，并进一步发展所学的知识，以改变学生的思维方法和行动能力。
范例教学法中的“范例”有以下三个特点：基本性、基础性和范例性。在教学要求上，范例教学有四个统一：教学与教育相统一;解决问题的学习与系统知识的学习相统一;掌握知识与培养能力相统一;学习的主体——学生与学习的客体——教材相统一。范例教学分四个步骤：(1)通过范例的、典型的、具体的、单个实例来说明事物的特征。(2)在第一步学习的基础上进行归纳、推断，认识这一类事物的特征。(3)在前面学习的基础上，进一步归纳事物发展的规律性。(4)范例地获得关于世界关系和切身经验的知识，使学生不仅了解客观世界，也认识自己，提高行为的自觉性。
2.【参考答案】该观点强调了环境对个体的发展的重要性。环境泛指个体生活其中，影响个体身心发展的一切外部因素。环境对个体的发展的确有很大的影响，它为个体的发展提供了多种可能，包括机遇、条件和对象。环境所提供的条件不同，对个体发展的意义也不同。环境对个体的发展的影响有积极和消极之分。然而环境只是一个外在因素，对个体的发展不起决定作用。人在接受环境影响和作用时，不是消极被动的，人具有主观能动性，人能改造环境，且在改造环境的实践中发展着自身。因此，夸大环境对人的发展的作用，特别是环境决定论的观点，是错误的。