（一）
A few years ago I was shopping with a friend and his 12-year-old daughter in downtown San Francisco. A street musician, whom my friend happened to know from his own musician days, was playing the saxophone(萨克斯管) on a street corner. His name was Clifford, and he had attracted a large crowd with his performance. After he finished, my friend introduced him to me and his daughter. Clifford asked her if she played any instrument. When she replied that she was taking trumpet(小号) lessons and played in her junior high school band, he said, “That’s fine, little lady. Learn your instrument well and you can play anything. ”
Somehow these simple yet wise words struck me as appropriate not only for a trumpet player but also for a reader. If you learn to read well, you can read anything you want-not just newspapers and magazines, but more difficult material like philosophy, file criticism, military history-whatever interests you as your confidence grows. You would not be limited in any way. If you have the vocabulary-or at least a good dictionary near at hand-you can pick up a book, concentrate on it, and make sense of the author’s words.
In the United States, reading instruction often ends at elementary school, so students sometimes have difficulty as they progress through school. They must take their assignments armed only with their elementary school reading skills. The result, too often, is frustration and loss of confidence. And the assigned reading in your college courses will be even greater than they were in high school. Developing Reading Skills is designed to accomplish several tasks : to show you the skills that will enable you to read with greater comprehension, to help you cope with reading assignments with confidence, and to teach you to become an active reader.
26. The author develops his point by starting with ______.
A. an example B. an incident
C. a statement D. a contrast
27. Which of the following statements is implied in Paragraph 1?
A. Clifford was good at playing the saxophone.
B. The author’s friend was once a street musician.
C. The 12-year-old girl played the trumpet very poorly.
D. Clifford was a good music teacher.
28. “Struck … as appropriate” in Line 1, Paragraph 2 most probably means ______.
A. seemed to be appropriateB. proved to be appropriate
C. happened to be appropriateD. found to be appropriate
29. With good reading skills, you can ______.
A. understand anything you read without difficulty
B. work out the author’s meaning if only you concentrate on the book
C. understand what you read with the help of a good dictionary
D. concentrate on whatever you read
30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that Developing Reading skills ______.
A. is directed to elementary school students
B. centers around vocabulary building skills
C. offers elementary reading skills
D. aims at helping students read better
（二）
That experiences influence subsequent behavior is evidence of an obvious but nevertheless remarkable activity called remembering. Learning could not occur without the function popularly named memory. Constant practice has such an effect on memory as to 1ead to skilful performance on the piano，to recitation of a poem，and even to reading and understanding these words. So-called intelligent behavior demands memory，remembering being a primary requirement for reasoning. The ability to solve any problem or even to recognize that a problem exists depends on memory. Typically，the decision to cross a street is based on remembering many earlier experiences.
Practice (or review) tends to build and maintain memory for a task or for any learned material. Over a period of no practice what has been learned tends to be forgotten；and the adaptive consequences may not seem obvious. Yet，dramatic instances of sudden forgetting can be seen to be adaptive. In this sense，the ability to forget can be interpreted to have survived through a process of natural selection in animals. Indeed，when one’s memory of an emotionally painful experience leads to serious anxiety，forgetting may produce relief. Nevertheless，an evolutionary interpretation might make it difficult to understand how the commonly gradual process of forgetting survived natural selection.
In thinking about the evolution of memory together with all its possible aspects，it is helpful to consider what would happen if memories failed to fade. Forgetting clearly aids orientation in time，since old memories weaken and the new tend to stand out，providing clues for inferring duration. Without forgetting，adaptive ability would suffer，for example，learned behavior that might have been correct a decade ago may no longer be. Cases are recorded of people who (by ordinary standards) forgot so little that their everyday activities were full of confusion. This forgetting seems to serve that survival of the individual and the species.
Another line of thought assumes a memory storage system of limited capacity that provides adaptive flexibility specifically through forgetting. In this view，continual adjustments are made between learning or memory storage (input) and forgetting (output).Indeed，there is evidence that the rate at which individuals forget is directly related to how much they have learned. Such data offers gross support of contemporary models of memory that assume an input-output balance.
31. From the evolutionary point of view,______.
A. sudden forgetting may bring about adaptive consequences
B. forgetting for lack of practice tends to be obviously inadaptive
C. if a person gets very forgetful all of a sudden, he must be very adaptive
D. forgetting is an indication of an individual’s adaptability
32. According to the passage, if a person never forgot,______.
A. he would survive bestB. he would have a lot of trouble
C. the evolution of memory would stopD. his ability to learn would be enhanced
33. From the last paragraph we know that ______.
A. memory is a compensation for forgetting
B. the memory storage system is balanced
C. the capacity of a memory storage system is limited
D. forgetfulness is a response to learning
34. The tone of the passage can best be described as ______.
A. humorousB. theoretical
C. exaggerativeD. philosophical
35. The main purpose of this passage is to ______.
A. interpret the function of forgettingB. illustrate the process of adapting
C. explain the performance of memoryD. emphasize the importance of learning
非选择题部分
注意事项：
用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。
第四节：填空题（本大题共5小题，每小题1分，共5分）
36. When teaching a grammatical item, the teacher first gives an example, and then explains the underlying rules by using some terms. Finally, he asks the students to practice applying the rule to produce sentences. Such way of presenting grammar is called ______.
37. According to Chomsky, language is not a form of behaviour, it is an intricate ______ system and a large part of language acquisition is the learning of this system.
38. A teacher should be able to attain his professional competence after some period of learning practice and ______.
39. Socio-constructivist theory emphasizes interaction and engagement with the target language in a social context based on the concept of ‘______’ and scaffolding.
40. Linguistic competence, pragmatic competence, discourse competence, strategic competence and fluency all belong to main components of ______.
第五节：翻译题（本大题共6小题，共10分）
把下面的句子翻译成英文（5分）
41. 除了少数几个印刷错误外，这本书还不错。(1分)
42. 居里夫人做了很多实验直到成功。 (1分)
43. 这条污染严重的河流散发出一股难闻的气味。(1分)
44. 地上是湿的，昨晚一定下过雨了。(1分)
45. 使我吃惊的是，她打破了世界纪录。(1分)
把下面短文翻译成中文。（5分）
46. On 3 June, 1790, a large ship with English colors flying was seen moving in between the heads at the entrance of the harbor. A small boat was sent down the harbor to escort her, and when the men in the boat read the word “London” on the stern of the big ship, they cried out “… Hurrah for a belly-full, and news from our friends”, it was the Lady Juliana. Her arrival marked the end of the battle for survival.
第六节：简答题（本大题共3小题，每小题5分，共15分）
47. 英语教学目标的编写应包含哪四个基本要素？
48. 为什么说听力理解过程中运用相互作用模式（interactive model）较好？
49. 请根据下图解释说明之。
第七节：论述题（本大题15分）
50. “就课程论而言，教材是课程的例子，是课程存在的形态。”谈谈你对这句话的理解，并请举例说明。